vault backup: 2025-11-19 15:00:24

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2025-11-19 15:00:24 +01:00
parent 4763397f7a
commit a4931ccf37
5 changed files with 51 additions and 3 deletions

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"title": "Gräsvärde (1)" "title": "Gräsvärde (1)"
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- Derivata
- **Def**: *$f$ är deriverbar i punkten $a$ om $$\lim_{x\to a}\frac{f(x)-f(a)}{x-a}$$existerar.$$f'(x)=\frac{df}{dx}(a)=Df(a)=\lim_{x\to a}\frac{f(x)-f(a)}{x-a}=\lim_{h\to0}\frac{f(a+h)-f(a)}{h}$$är derivatan av $f$ i punkten $x=a$. Funktionen $f'$ är derivatan av $f$ och deinieras som $x\longmapsto f'(x)$ där det är definiead.*
- **Defs**:
- $Df$: *Oendlig liten ändrig i $f$*
- $Dx$: *Oendlig liten ändrig i $x$*
- $f[\bullet]=f'$
-
![[d1.png]]
- Egenskaper och regler
- $f$ deriverbar $\Rightarrow$ $f$ kontinuerlig. **Obs!** Inte alla kontinuerliga funktioner är deriverbara
- Derivering är linjär avbildning: $\left(\alpha f+\beta g\right)'=\alpha f'+\beta g'$
- **Produkt regel** (*Leibniz*): $\left(f\left(x\right)g\left(x\right)\right)'=f'\left(x\right)g\left(x\right)+f\left(x\right)g'\left(x\right)$
- **Sammansatt funktion**: $\left(f\circ g\right)'\left(x\right)=f'\circ g\left(x\right)g'\left(x\right)$
- **Division**: $\left(\frac{f\left(x\right)}{g\left(x\right)}\right)'=\frac{f'\left(x\right)g\left(x\right)-f\left(x\right)g'\left(x\right)}{g\left(x\right)^2}$
- **Ex**: ![[d_ex_1.png]]$$\begin{align}f(x)=\mid x\mid\\f\text{ är kontinuerlig på }\mathbb{R}.\\f\text{ är inte deriverbar i }0.\\\lim_{x\to0+}\frac{f\left(x\right)-f\left(0\right)}{x-0}=\lim_{x\to0+}\frac{\mid x\mid-0}x=\lim_{x\to0+}\frac xx=1\\\lim_{x\to0-}\frac{f\left(x\right)-f\left(0\right)}{x-0}=\lim_{x\to0-}\frac{\mid x\mid-0}x=\lim_{x\to0-}\frac{-x}x=-1\\\lim_{x\to0}\frac{f\left(x\right)-f\left(0\right)}{x-0}=f'(0)\text{ existerar inte-}\end{align}$$
- **Ex**: $$\begin{align}\text{Leibniz regel}\\\left(f\left(x\right)g\left(x\right)\right)'=\lim_{h\to0}\frac{f\left(x+h\right)-f\left(x\right)g\left(x\right)}h\\=\lim_{h\to0}\frac{f(x+h)g(x+h)-f(x)g(x+h)+f(x)g(x+h)-f(x)g(x)}{h}\\=\lim_{h\to0}\left(g(x+h)\frac{f(x+h)-f(x)}{h}+f(x)\frac{g(x+h)-g(x)}{h}\right)\\=g(x)f'(x)+f(x)g'(x)\end{align}$$
- **Ex**: $$\begin{align}h(x)=\frac1x\\h'(x)=-\frac1{x^2}\\h\circ g(x)=h(g(x))=\frac1{g(x)}\\(g\circ g)'(x)=\left(\frac1{g(x)}\right)^2\\=h'\circ g(x)g'(x)=h'(g(x))g'(x)\frac{-1}{(g(x))^2}g'(x)\end{align}$$
- Standerd derivarives
1. $f(x)=c\;\;\Rightarrow\;\;f'(x)=0$
2. $f(x)=n^n\;\;\Rightarrow\;\;f'(x)=nx^{n-1},\;n\in\mathbb{Z}$
3. $f(x)=x^\alpha\;\;\Rightarrow\;\;f'(x)=\alpha x^{\alpha-1},\;\alpha\in\mathbb{R},\;x>0$
4. $f(x)=e^x\;\;\Rightarrow\;\;f'(x)=e^x$
5. $f(x)=\ln\mid x\mid\;\;\Rightarrow\;\;f'(x)=x^{-1},\;x\neq0$
6. $f(x)=\sin x\;\;\Rightarrow\;\;f'(x)=\cos x$
7. $f(x)=\cos x\;\;\Rightarrow\;\;f'(x)=-\sin x$
8. $f(x)=\tan x\;\;\Rightarrow\;\;f'(x)=\sec^2x=1+\tan^2x$
9. $f(x)=a^x\;\;\Rightarrow\;\;f'(x)=a^x\ln a,\;a>0$
10. $f(x)=\log_a\mid x\mid\;\;\Rightarrow\;\;f'(x)=(x\ln a)^-1,\;a>0,\;x\neq0$
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